IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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I.I 


11.25 


no    "^ 

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2.5 
2.2 

12.0 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145S0 

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'V' 


■  ^ 


CIHM/ICMH 
Microfiche 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IVIicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


J I 


Technical  and  Bibliogr^iihic  Notas/Notas  tachniquaa  at  blbliographiquaa 


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L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axampiaira 
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modification  dans  la  mAthode  norrnala  de  filmaga 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


Th 
to 


Th 
pc 
of 
fill 


□    Coloured  covers/ 
Couvertura  da  couiaur 

nri    Covers  damaged/ 

LZJ   Couverture  endommagAe 

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Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  pelliculAe 


□ 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


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Planches  et/ou  illustrstions  en  couleur 

S   Bound  with  other  materiel/ 
Reli*  evec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reiiure  serrAe  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
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lors  d'une  restouration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  peges  n'ont 
^  .»  «t«  fiimAes. 

Additionel  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmantairas: 


D 
D 
D 
D 
□ 

n 

D 
D 
D 
D 


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Pages  endommegtes 

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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  poasiitia. 


Oi 
be 
th 
si< 
ot 
fir 
8i< 
or 


Tl 
sh 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
er 
be 
"1 
re 
m 


This  item  is  filmed  et  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  teux  de  reduction  Indiqu*  ci-dessous 

10X                            14X                            18X                            22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

12X 

16X 

aox 

24X 

28X                            32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  off: 

Legislative  Library  of 
British  Columbia 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grice  h  la 
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conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fitmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  fiimis  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qu!  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
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premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  fframe  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED ").  or  the  symbol  Y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  solvents  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tsbleaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA.  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  drolte, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

PROCEEDINQS 

OF  THK 

CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES. 


Third  Series. 


Geology. 


Vou.  I,  No.  6. 


The  Fauna  of  the  Sooke  Beds 
of  Vancouver  Island. 


BY 


John  C.  Merriam. 


With  Onk  Plate. 


Issued  March  6.  1899. 


SAN  FRANCISCO: 

Published  bv  the  Academy. 

1899. 


/ 


\j 


MM 


^^^Mgjggl^^ 


THE    FAUNA    OF   THE   SOOKE   BEDS    OF 
VANCOUVER  ISLAND. 

BY   JOHN    C.    MERRIAM. 


«| 

'J 


The  Sooke  beds,  so  named  from  their  occurrence  in  the 
Sooke  district,  on  the  southern  coast  of  Vancouver  Island, 
have  been  principally  studied  in  the  field  by  Dr.  C.  F. 
Newcombe  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  the  fossil  invertebrates  col- 
lected by  him  being  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  writer  for 
study  and  description.  As  the  result  of  the  investigation  of 
this  material,  together  with  that  from  other  horizons,  the 
author  has,  during  the  past  two  years,  published  two  diag- 
nostic notes  '  on  this  fauna. 

As  no  figures  of  the  new  species  have  been  published, 
and  as  investigation  of  this  fauna  is  not  easily  combined 
with  any  other  to  which  the  writer  is  at  present  giving  par- 
ticular attention,  it  was  thought  best  to  bring  together  in 
one  note  the  principal  facts  known  regarding  the  fauna, 
furnishing  also  figures  of  the  new  species.  Future  investi- 
gation will  probably  add  many  new  forms  to  the  list  given 
in  this  paper. 

The  first  mention  of  the  Sooke  beds  made  in  the  litera- 
ture is  by  Mr.  James  Richardson,^  who  in  1876  noticed  the 
occurrence  of  fossiliferous  rocks  in  the  Sooke  district.  The 
following  extract  from  his  paper  expresses  his  opinion  of 
the  beds: — 

"  At  the  mouth  of  John's  River  the  lowest  beds  are  gray 
sandstone,  in  some  places  crowded  with  fossils  belonging 

'  "  Note  on  Two  Tertiary  Faunas  from  the  Rocks  of  the  Southern  Coast  of  Vancouver 
Island,"  Bull.  Dep't  Geol.,  Univ.  Cal  ,  Vol.  II,  No.  3.  fee,  1896. 

"  New  Species  of  Tertiary  MoUusca  from  Vancouver  Island."  Nautilus,  Vol.  XI,  Octo- 
ber, 1897,  p.  64. 


•  Geol.  Surv.  Canada,  Kept,  Prog.,  1876-77,  pp.  160-192. 

[175I 


March  4,  1899. 


228996 


176 


CAI.IFOKNIA  ACAPEAfY  OF  SC/El^CES.       [Proc.  ,^d  Skr. 


apparently  to  three  or  four  species.  These  are  referable  to 
the  genera  Ostrca,  Pcctcn,  and  Saxidomus,  and  are  either 
of  Tertiary  or  Post-Tertiary  age." 

In  1892  Dr.  W.  H.  Dall*  mentioned  the  occurrence  of 
marine  beds  of  Miocene  age  near  Sooke. 

Dr.  Newcombe  has,  in  1893-98,  made  numerous  visits  to 
the  outcroppings  of  the  beds  near  Mujr  and  Coal  Creeks, 
bringing  back  a  considerable  amount  of  material  in  a  very 
good  state  of  preservation. 

The  cliffs  in  which  the  fossils  occur  are  said  by  Dr. 
Newcombe  to  consist  of  soft  sandstone  and  conglomerate. 
The  strata  do  not  appear  to  be  greatly  disturbed.  Mollus- 
can  remains  are  found  in  abundance  in  both  the  sandstone 
and  the  conglomerate.  In  most  instances  the  specimens 
are  well  preserved,  showing  the  original  unchanged  mate- 
rial of  the  shell. 

The  number  of  known  species  being  small,  it  is  perhaps 
not  possible  to  determine  with  absolute  accuracy  the  age  of 
this  horizon.  The  recent  and  extinct  species  are,  however, 
about  evenly  divided,  so  that  both  the  Quaternary  and  the 
Eocene  are  beyond  the  range  of  possibility.  Within  the 
limits  of  the  Neocene  the  nearly  equal  number  of  extinct 
and  living  forms  points  to  Middle  Neocene,  while  the  gen- 
eral relationships  of  the  fauna  to  the  known  Miocene  and 
Pliocene  faunas  of  the  coast  show  no  preponderance  of 
affinity  in  either  direction.  The  total  evidence  available 
seems  then  to  indicate  the  Middle  Neocene  age  of  the 
Sooke  fauna. 


'  BuU.  V.  8.  Geol.  Surv.,  No.  84,  p.  230. 


Obol. 


..-vox..  M      ;U/?A-AV./-./-A-'r.V..»  OF  niK  SOOKK  HF.PS.        177 


Table  Illustrating  thk 
Relationships  of  the  Sooke  Fauna. 

n 

2 
g 

n 

g 

« 

> 

1 

B 

ft 

5? 

H 

n 

1.  P/acuftanomia  macroschtsvia  1  )esii 

2.  Mytilus  cdulis  Linn - 

• 

1 

3.  Cerilhtdea  Caltjorntca  1-1  ald 

4.  Aancta  tnitra  HlscH 

•  1 

5.  Crepidula  rugosa  'nuit^.  \tij/.\ 

6.  Pecteit  :equisulcatus  Cari'.  (conf.) 

.  1 

*          *• 

7.     Pcctcn  hastatus  oowh.  \ionj.j 

*     \ 

8.     Chrysodomus  atrus  KhEVK 

'     •     * 

•           •• 

« 

* 

9.     Yoldta  ttnpressa  con 

l> 

10.    Peclitnculus  patuius  v-on 

* 

J  1  _      lYOCn'     '  tHOrnaia  \jaisn 

12.    Sinutn  scopulositm  Con.  (row/. ) 

J-     Cytherea  ( ? )  Newcnmbci  Merriam 

14.    Cytherea  Vancoitverensis  Merriam 

N 

* 

15.    Paiel'd  g€i  mel^'tca  ivierriam 

1 

• 

16.    Nassa  Ncwcotnoet  ivierriam 

I 

R 

17.    Buiha  oucctnotaes  ivihrriam 

It 

18.    Fustts  sp.  nov 

# 

19.    rtisus  sp.  nov 

*t 

20.    Bttttutn  sp.  nov.  \n 

21.    Creptauia  sp 

22,     Usirea  sp 

23.    CafatutH  sp 

24.    Cefttfttaea  sp 

] 

25.     Tapes  (?)  sp 

.  Referring  to  the  fauna  described  by  Conrad  Uom  Astoria 

and  1 
.Uni 

deiitifi 
V.  Cal. 

ed  by 

,  Vol. 

the 

11. 

writer 
No.  3. 

p.  103. 


178 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES.       [Proc.  3D  SuR. 


The  following  species  which  have  previously  been  diag- 
nosed by  the  writer  are  here  redescribed  and  figured : 

Genus  Cytherea  Lamarck. 

Cytherea  (?)  Newcombei  Mcrriam. 
Plate  XXIII,  Figs,  i  and  \a. 

Cytherea,  sp.  nov.,  Bull.  Dep't  Geol.,  Univ.  Cal.,  Vol.  II,  No.  3,  p.  106. 
Cytherea  Newcombei  Merriam,  Nautilus,  Vol.  XI,  1897,  p.  64. 

Shell  subquadrate  to  oval,  high,  moderately  thick,  truncated  anteriorly. 
Beaks  not  prominent.  Lunula  faintly  marked.  Surface  ornamented  with 
numerous,  irregularly  placed  growth  lines  and  ridges.  On  some  well  pre- 
served specimens  a  large  number  of  very  faint,  radial  lines  are  visible. 
Length  of  large  specimens  70  mm.,  breadth  55  nun.  Hinge  of  right  valve 
with  three  cardinal  teeth  and  a  short  pit  for  the  anterior  lateral  tooth  of  the 
opposite  valve.  This  pit  for  the  reception  of  the  anterior  lateral  tooth  is 
shallower  and  much  shorter  than  in  the  following  species. 

Cytherea  Vancouverensis  Merriam. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fig,  2. 

Cytherea,  sp.  nov.,  Bull.  Dep't  Geol.,  Univ.  Cal.,  Vol.  II,  No.  3,  p.  106. 
Cytherea  Vancouverensis  Merriam,  Nautilus,  Vol.  XI,  1897,  p.  64. 

Shell  oval,  narrowly  rounded  anteriorly.  Beaks  prominent.  Lunule  well 
marked.  The  somewhat  weathered  surface  of  the  siiells  ornamented  by 
numerous,  irregularly-placed  growth  ridges.  Length  of  type  specimen  62  ( ? ) 
mm.,  breadth  48  mm.  Hinge  of  right  valve  with  three  cardinal  teeth  and  a 
long,  deep  tooth-pit  for  the  reception  of  the  anterior  lateral  tooth  of  the  left 
valve.  Pit  between  the  two  anterior  cardinal  teeth  of  the  right  valve  ordi- 
narily narrower  and  deeper  than  in  C.  Newcombei. 

Genus  Patella  LimU. 
Patella  geometrica  Merriam. 

Plate  XXIII,  Fig.  4. 

Patelloid,  sp.  nov..  Bull.  Dep't  Geol.,  Univ.  Cal.,  Vol.  II,  No.  3,  p.  106. 
Patella  geometrica  Merriam,  Nautilus,  Vol.  XI,  1897,  p.  65. 

Shtll  large  and  heavy,  up  to  50  mm.  or  more  in  length,  suborbicular. 
Apex  elevated,  well  forward.  Surface  ornamented  by  about  twenty  broad, 
strong,  radial  ribs,  which  are  much  wider  than  the  interspaces.  Radial  ribs 
crossed  by  numerous  prominent,  narrow,  sometimes  leafy,  transverse  ridges. 


■  ^.■iij'iiff'i.ij" 


Obou— Vol..  M 


MENIUAM- FAVNA  OF  THE  SOOKK  l^F.PS.         179 

Genua  Nassa  Martini. 


Nassa  Newcombel  Merriam. 
Plate  XXIII,  Fio.  3- 
Na.a,  sp.  nov..  Bull.  I^^P't  Geo,.   Uni.  Ca.    Vc^JI.  N- 3-  P'  ^«-^- 

Shell  between  25  and  30  mm.  m  length     7J^°7  ^f '        ,^,.  ^bs  which 
shoulder,  ornamented  W  numerous  Icn,^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^ 

give  the  middle  portion  of  the  whorls  «  t^;*^,  •'^f^,  ^^.^nger  than  the 
devolving  rib.  which  forms  »^«/"«'Xm t '  rsSc^  U^^^ 
others  and  is  usually  -jj-^^^  ^''^  .^^  do'mil    on'the  upper  portion, 
whorl  the  transverse  r.bs  (»t)OUt  25    are  dom  i^„„„,  revolving 

^S^.  "Z:^^:^  "- wKe  tra..sveL  ribs  di.p.ar 
SS  the  well  defined  revolving  ribs  unmterrupted. 

Genus  BuUia  Gray. 

BuUia  buccinoides  Merriam. 
Plate  XXIII.  Fig.  5- 

«„11  Deo't  Geol..  Univ.  Cal.  Vol.  II,  No.  3.  p.  106. 
Ancillaria,  sp.  nov.,  Bull.  Dep  t  ^^o' •  _  ^j. 

broad  callus.     Length  25-30  mm. 

Pal^ontological  Laboratory, 
University  of  California, 

Berkeley,  California, 
September,  1898. 


i8o 


CALIFORNIA  ACADEMY  OF  SCIRNCRS.       [P«oc.  jd  8bb. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXIIL 


Ti 


Fig- 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


All  figures  iiatural  size. 

Cytherca  (?)  Neivcombei  Merriam. 

Doubtrul  hinge  of  rig'.it  valve  of  Cytherea  ( ? )  Newcombei. 

Cythcrea  Vancouverensis  Merriam. 

Nassa  Newcombei  Merriam. 

Patella geometrica  Merriam. 

Bullia  buccinoides  Merriam. 


teikArM5ci.3^5LU  utcLYnrJ. 


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